Do Firms Believe in Interest Rate Parity?

Using a broad sample of international corporate bond offerings, we provide evidence that corporate borrowers make opportunistic currency choices, in that they denominate the currency of their bonds in a manner that is inconsistent with a belief in either covered or uncovered interest rate parity. Using firm-level tests, we identify a number of characteristics of firms that engage in opportunistic behavior. We observe that large issuers located in developed markets with investment-grade ratings and low cash flow characterize those firms that are responsive to covered borrowing rate differences across currencies. Corporate responsiveness to uncovered borrowing rate differences appears more general. We observe that although the gains firms achieve through opportunistic currency denomination are economically significant, the yield differential tends to systematically decline after issuance. This finding suggests that opportunistic issuance by corporations may be a primary mechanism for driving covered interest yields toward parity. Copyright 2010, Oxford University Press.

Sex‐specific markers undetected in green sunfish Lepomis cyanellus using restriction‐site associated DNA sequencing

We used restriction-site associated DNA sequencing for SNP discovery and genotyping of known-sex green sunfish Lepomis cyanellus DNA samples to search for sex-diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and restriction-site associated sequences present in one sex and absent in the other. The bioinformatic analyses discovered candidate SNPs and sex-specific restriction-site associated sequences that fit patterns of male or female heterogametic sex determination systems. However, when primers were developed and tested, no candidates reliably identified phenotypic sex. The top performing SNP candidate (ZW_218) correlated with phenotypic sex 63.0% of the time and the presence-absence loci universally amplified in both sexes. We recommend further investigations that interrogate a larger fraction of the L. cyanellus genome. Additionally, studies on the effect of temperature and rearing density on sex determination, as well as breeding of sex-reversed individuals, could provide more insights into the sex determination system of L. cyanellus.12 month embargo; first published: 19 April 2022This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

sj-pdf-1-inv-10.1177_15569845231209974 – Supplemental material for Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery With Concomitant Cox Maze Procedure Is as Effective as a Median Sternotomy With Decreased Morbidity

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-inv-10.1177_15569845231209974 for Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery With Concomitant Cox Maze Procedure Is as Effective as a Median Sternotomy With Decreased Morbidity by Tari-Ann Yates, Martha McGilvray, Connor Vinyard, Laurie Sinn, Nicholas Razo, June He, Harold G. Roberts, Matthew R. Schill, Christian Zemlin and Ralph J. Damiano in Innovations</p

Delayed-enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance imaging detects disease progression in patients with mitral valve disease and atrial fibrillationCentral MessagePerspective

Objectives: The mechanism by which mitral valve (MV) disease leads to atrial fibrillation (AF) remains poorly understood. Delayed-enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (DE-MRI) has been used to assess left atrial (LA) fibrosis in patients with lone AF before catheter ablation; however, few studies have used DE-MRI to assess MV-induced LA fibrosis in patients with or without AF undergoing MV surgery. Methods: Between March 2018 and September 2022, 38 subjects were enrolled; 15 age-matched controls, 14 patients with lone mitral regurgitation (MR), and 9 patients with MR and AF (MR + AF). Indexed LA volume, total LA wall, and regional LA posterior wall (LAPW) enhancement were defined by the DE-MRI. One-way analysis of variance was performed. Results: LA volume and LA enhancement were associated (r = 0.451, P = .004). LA volume differed significantly between controls (37.1 ± 10.6 mL) and patients with lone MR (71.0 ± 35.9, P = .020 and controls and patients with MR + AF (99.3 ± 47.4, P < .001). The difference in LA enhancement was significant between MR + AF (16.7 ± 9.6%) versus controls (8.3 ± 3.9%, P = .006) and MR + AF versus lone MR (8.0 ± 4.8%, P = .004). Similarly, the was significantly more LAPW enhancement in the MR + AF (17.5 ± 8.7%) versus control (9.2 ± 5.1%, P = .011) and MR + AF versus lone MR (9.8 ± 6.0%, P = .020) Conclusions: Patients with MR + AF had significantly more total and LAPW fibrosis compared with both controls and lone MR. Volume and delayed enhancement were associated, but there was no difference between MR and MR + AF